As global health challenges continue to evolve, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) is taking proactive measures to protect Nigerians against the emerging threat of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), a respiratory virus that has seen an uptick in cases in countries like China, the UK, France, and Germany.
Although Nigeria has not recorded a significant rise in HMPV cases, the NCDC has classified the risk as moderate and is implementing comprehensive strategies to safeguard public health.
HMPV, while not a new virus, has gained renewed attention due to its recent resurgence, particularly during the winter season. The UK Health Security Agency has reported increased hospitalizations, especially among children under five and elderly individuals in care homes. These developments underscore the importance of global vigilance in addressing the virus’s potential impact.
Contrary to circulating rumors, the World Health Organization (WHO) has not declared HMPV a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). The NCDC has dispelled these claims, urging the public to rely on verified information.
Measures to Strengthen Nigeria’s Preparedness
The NCDC, in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Health and international partners, has implemented several readiness measures.
Dr. Jide Idris, NCDC Director-General, stated that a Dynamic Risk Assessment conducted on January 6, 2025, classified HMPV’s risk level for Nigeria as moderate. This assessment informs the country’s preparedness efforts, including the following:
1. Enhanced Monitoring and Surveillance
• Expansion of the National Influenza Sentinel Surveillance (NISS) system to test for HMPV alongside Influenza-like Illness (ILI) and Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI).
• Increased vigilance at international airports and points of entry through readiness assessments and the development of an HMPV Entry Implementation Protocol.
2. Hospital Preparedness
• Nationwide hospitals advised to enhance Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) practices, including proper hand hygiene and environmental cleaning.
• Isolation rooms prepared to manage potential cases effectively.
• Training for healthcare workers to ensure they are equipped to handle HMPV cases.
3. Stockpiling and Deployment
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and essential medical supplies have been stockpiled for rapid deployment as needed.
4. State and Community Engagement
• State governments urged to activate treatment centers for HMPV.
• Public awareness campaigns to promote preventive measures and ensure timely medical attention.
Understanding HMPV
HMPV can cause symptoms such as cough, fever, nasal congestion, shortness of breath, and wheezing. In severe cases, particularly among vulnerable populations, it may lead to bronchitis or pneumonia.
The virus spreads primarily through respiratory droplets, close personal contact, and contaminated surfaces. Overcrowded and poorly ventilated environments, such as correctional facilities and internally displaced persons (IDP) camps, are particularly at risk.
The incubation period for HMPV is typically three to five days, with most infections resolving in two to five days through supportive care. However, complications may arise in high-risk groups, necessitating prompt medical attention.
Public Health Advisory
The NCDC advises the public to:
• Maintain good hand hygiene.
• Practice respiratory etiquette, such as covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
• Avoid close contact with symptomatic individuals.
• Ensure well-ventilated living spaces.
While no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine exists for HMPV, supportive care, including rest, hydration, and fever management, remains effective for most cases.
Dr. Idris reaffirmed the NCDC’s commitment to mitigating the potential impact of HMPV in Nigeria, emphasizing the importance of collaboration with local and international partners to protect public health.
